| Abstract | Transfuzija je terapijska metoda intravenskog davanja pune krvi ili krvnih pripravaka.
Ovisno o indikacijama poput anemije, koagulopatija, hipoproteinemije i hipovolemije bira se
ciljana terapija s punom krvi ili krvnim proizvodima (proizvodi od eritrocita, krvna plazma,
koncentrat trombocita, krioprecipitat). Krv i krvni pripravci mogu biti svježi, ali može ih se
pohraniti u hladnjaku ili zamrzivaču. Idealan pas donor trebao bi biti dobrog zdravstvenog
stanja, blage naravi, s lako pristupačnim venama te od 1-8 godina starosti, minimalne tjelesne
mase od 25 kilograma. Mačke koje zadovoljavaju kriterije za idealnog donora klinički su
zdrave, s lako dostupnim venama, starosti od 1-10 godina, tjelesne mase preko 4 kilograma,
bez da su prethodno same primile transfuziju. Krvne grupe pasa i mačaka definirane su vrsno
specifičnim antigenima koji se nalaze na površini eritrocita. Poznato je više od 13 krvnih grupa
pasa koje su kategorizirane u DEA sustavu, a nedavno su otkrivene nove krvne grupe poput
Dal, Kai 1 i Kai 2. Krvna grupa DEA 1.1 izaziva najjače akutne hemolitičke reakcije. Krvne
grupe pasa se tipiziraju serološkim testovima križne reakcije, gel aglutinacijskim testovima i
imunokromatografskim metodama. U mačaka postoje 3 krvne grupe: A, B i AB, ali postoje i
spoznaje o novim antigenima poput Mik-a. Krvne grupe mačaka se tipiziraju aglutinacijskim
testovima, sustavima kartica i imunokromatografskim metodama. Krv pasa donora skuplja se
u otvorene ili zatvorene vrećice od 450 ml sa antikoagulansom. Kod mačaka se najčešće koriste
otvoreni sustavi prikupljanja krvi, a ukupno se od jedinke može uzeti 50 ml krvi. Pacijenta bi
tijekom i nakon transfuzije trebalo nadzirati zbog mogućih transfuzijskih reakcija.
Transfuzijske reakcije mogu biti imunološke (febrilne nehemolitičke, akutne hemolitičke,
alergijeske/anafilaktičke i odgođene reakcije) i neimunološke (neimunološka hemoliza,
preopterećenja cirkulacije, hipokalcemija te bakterijska kontaminacija). |
| Abstract (english) | Transfusion is a therapeutic method of intravenous administration of whole blood or blood
products. Depending on indications such as anemia, coagulopathy, hypoproteinemia and
hypovolemia, targeted therapy with whole blood or blood products (erythrocyte products, blood
plasma, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate) is chosen. Blood and blood products can be fresh
or stored in the refrigerator or freezer. The ideal canine donor should be in good health, mild in
nature, with easily accessible veins and between 1-8 years old, with a minimum body weight
of 25 kilograms. Cats that meet the criteria for an ideal donor are clinically healthy, with easily
accessible veins, aged 1-10 years, weighing over 4 kilograms, without having previously
received a transfusion on their own. The blood groups of dogs and cats are defined by speciesspecific antigens found on the surface of erythrocytes. More than 13 blood groups of dogs are
known to be categorized in the DEA system, and new blood groups such as Dal, Kai 1, and Kai
2 have recently been discovered. Blood group DEA 1.1 causes the strongest acute hemolytic
reactions. Blood groups of dogs are typed by serological cross-reaction tests, gel agglutination
tests and immunochromatographic methods. There are 3 blood groups in cats: A, B and AB,
but there is also knowledge about new antigens such as Mick. Blood groups of cats are typed
by agglutination tests, card systems and immunochromatographic methods. Donor dog blood
is collected in open or closed 450 ml bags with anticoagulant. In cats, open blood collection
systems are most commonly used, and a total of 50 ml of blood can be taken from an individual
cat. The patient should be monitored during and after the transfusion for possible transfusion
reactions. Transfusion reactions can be immunological (febrile non-hemolytic, acute hemolytic,
allergic / anaphylactic and delayed reactions) and non-immunological (hemolysis, circulatory
overload, hypocalcaemia and bacterial contamination). |
