60 The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Functional disorders of the pancreas are fairly common in dogs and cats. The clinical signs and history are often unspecific and can vary from mild to severe. The diagnosis is made using several diagnostic methods. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Dogs with acute pancreatitis have an acute onset of vomiting followed by abdominal pain, lethargy and dehydration. Clinical signs of chronic pancreatitis are less severe than those of acute. Cats with pancreatitis have milder and even more unspecific clinical signs than dogs (inappetence, lethargy, dehydration and rarely icterus). Pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity assays (quantitative tests Spec cPL and Spec fPL, semiquantitative test SNAP cPL and SNAP fPL) are most sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of pancreatitis. The histopathological examination is considered as the gold standard of the diagnostics of pancreatitis as well as for differentiating between acute and chronic pancreatitis. The treatment of pancreatitis in dogs and cats consists of symptomatic and supportive care. Fluid therapy, analgetics, antiemetics and antacides, change of diet and if needed, antibiotics, are used. The prognosis is variable. Acute pancreatitis is linked to a higher mortility rate, while chronic pancreatitis has long-term complications that make the quality of life worse. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency of dogs and cats is a syndrome caused by inefficient secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes to the small intestine, which leads to maldigestion and malabsorption of nutritients. The accompanying clinical signs are diarrhea, polyphagia and loss of weight. The serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity test (fTLI in cats and cTLI in dogs) is the most specific and sensitive test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs and cats consists of peroral intake of pancreatic enzymes, cobalamine supplementation and change of diet. The prognosis is favourable when the pancreatic enzymes are given daily. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder of dogs and cats. Due to the absolute or relative insulin deficiency or decreased insulin activity hyperglycemia occurs and leads to the clinical signs of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. The diagnosis is made when there is persistent hyperglycemia with glucosuria. The treatment consists of insulin supplementation, change of diet and activity levels of dogs and cats. The prognosis is favourable when the treatment protocol is followed. Malignant pancreatic neoplasms are divided into neoplasms of exocrine (pancreatic adenocaricnoma) and endocrine (inuslinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma) part of pancreas. They are extremely rare in cats and dogs. Due to their aggressive behaviour, the clinical signs are observed when they have already metastased. The treatment of choice is surgical excision of the neoplasm. The prognosis is poor.