Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic condition that can lead to serious complications, organ damage, and disability. As a group of metabolic disorders, diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to effectively maintain stable blood glucose levels. This disorder is becoming an increasingly significant public health issue, and it is known that diabetes can reduce life expectancy by up to 15 years. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: type I, known as juvenile diabetes, which manifests through the gradual destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency and requiring lifelong insulin therapy; and type II, which most commonly occurs in adults and initially does not depend on insulin, although additional therapies may be needed over time. Exercise plays a crucial role in managing diabetes, and its impact depends on the type of diabetes, dietary habits, and the patient’s level of physical activity. Moreover, physical activity stimulates glucose transport and metabolism in the muscles and positively affects glycogen metabolism. Regular exercising can reduce the risk of developing diabetes-related complications and improve the overall health of individuals with this disease. In treating diabetes, an interdisciplinary approach that includes collaboration between patients, physicians, and kinesiologists has proven essential for the prevention, control, and treatment of this condition. With the growing awareness of the importance of physical activity among diabetics in Croatia, there is significant potential to improve health outcomes through well-structured physical activity programs.