Shoulder injuries are common and can include various types such as sprains, strains, dislocations and tendon damage. Diagnosis is usually carried out through a detailed history, clinical examination and imaging methods such as X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the injury and may include physical therapy, rehabilitation, pain medication, and sometimes surgery. A multidisciplinary approach and proper rehabilitation after an injury are key to long-term preservation of shoulder joint functionality. Injuries resulting from sports, exercise or physical activity often affect the musculoskeletal system, and factors such as lack of experience, poor equipment, fatigue and rough play can increase the risk of injury. Rehabilitation based on individual response and physiological principles is important to ensure recovery and prevent future problems. In the last ten years, research has intensively dealt with the frequency and causes of shoulder injuries in athletes. Various studies have investigated specific injuries in sports such as football, rugby, swimming, baseball, and other overhead sports such as handball and volleyball. The aim of the work was to determine the frequency of shoulder injuries in athletes, the causes of injuries and methods of rehabilitation. After reviewing the works, risk factors such as the player's position, gender and shoulder rotation were identified. Methods of prevention and rehabilitation emphasized the importance of soft tissue mobilization, application of kinesio tape and specific exercises to strengthen the external rotation of the shoulder. Research has contributed to a better understanding of shoulder injuries in sports and the development of interventions for prevention and rehabilitation.