| Abstract | Juneće meso spada u skupinu visokovrijednih proizvoda animalnog podrijetla. Jedan od bitnijih čimbenika o kojem će ovisiti kakvoća polovica su pasmina i spol. O genetskom potencijalu ovisiti će nakupljanje mišićnog i masnog tkiva u tijelu životinja. Smatra se da kod ženskih grla odlaganje masti počinje ranije i da je ono intenzivnije za razliku od muških grla. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu utjecaja pasmine i spola, kao i njihovu interakciju na klaonička svojstva junećih polovica. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2015. godine na 80 junadi od kojih je 40 bilo simentalske pasmine (20 muškog i 20 ženskog spola), a 40 junadi (20 muškog i 20 ženskog spola) bili su križanci mesnih pasmina charolais, limousin, blonde d'aquitaine, hereford, crveni angus i belgijsko plavo govedo. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj pasmine i spola korišteni su sljedeći klaonički parametri: klaonička masa polovica, neto prirasti, randman, EUROP klasifikacija i stupanj prekrivenosti masnim tkivom. Dobiveni podaci su obrađeni u statističkom programu Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft, Inc 1984 – 2007) korištenjem GLM postupka. U ukupno istraženom uzorku rezultati klaoničkih parametara bili su zadovoljavajući. Pasmina je imala značajan utjecaj na klaoničke parametre. Značajno bolje vrijednosti parametara klaoničke mase, neto prirasta i randmana su utvrđene u skupini križane junadi (P<0,001), dok su samo zanemarive razlike utvrđene za parametar stupanja pokrivenosti masnim tkivom i randman (P>0,05). Spol je imao također značajan utjecaj na klaonička svojstva. Muška junad je imala značajno povoljnije vrijednosti parametara klaoničke mase i neto prirasta (P<0,001) i zanemarivo povoljnije vrijednosti za stupanj pokrivenosti masnim tkivom, randman i EUROP klasifikaciju (P>0,05).
U ovom istraživanju značajno najpovoljniji rezultati parametara klaoničke mase i neto prirasta su utvrđeni kod muške križane junadi (P<0,05), dok su za preostale parametre (stupanj pokrivenosti masnim tkivom, randman i EUROP klasifikaciju) između istraživanih skupina utvrđene samo zanemarive razlike (P>0,05). Najlošiji rezultati klaoničkih parametara su utvrđeni kod ženske simentalske junadi. Ženska simentalska junad imala je značajno najniže vrijednosti za klaoničku masu i neto priraste (P<0,05), dok su samo zanemarive razlike između istraživanih skupina utvrđene za parametar pokrivenosti masnim tkivom, randman i EUROP klasifikaciju (P>0,05). Ženska križana junad je u odnosu na mušku simentalsku junad ostvarila značajno povoljnije rezultate za klaoničku masu i neto prirast (P<0,05), dok su između preostalih istraživanih parametara utvrđene zanemarive razlike(P>0,05). Stoga se iz dobivenih rezultata može zaključiti kako je heterozis učinak imao značaju ulogu u poboljšavanju kakvoće junećih polovica. |
| Abstract (english) | Beef meat belongs to a group of high-value products of animal origin. One of the most important factors on which depends the quality of beef halves are breed and sex. The accumulation of muscular and fat tissue in the body of animals will depend on the genetic potential. It is believed that the females fat deposition begins earlier and it is more intensive, as opposed to males. The aim of this study was to determine level of the influence of breed and sex, as well as their interaction on slaughtering traits of beef halves. The study was conducted during 2015 on 80 beef cattle of which 40 were Simmental (20 male and 20 female) and 40 beef cattle (20 male and 20 female) were meat crossbreeds of Charolais, Limousin, Blonde d'Aquitaine , Hereford, Red Angus and Belgian Blue cattle. In order to determine the influence of breed and sex, the following slaughtering parameters were used: weight of slaughtering halves, netto daily weight gain, dressing percentage, EUROP classification and degree of fatty tissue coverage. The data were analyzed using Statistic 8.0 (StatSoft, Inc. 1984-2007) using the GLM procedure. In total studied meat sample the results of all parameters were satisfactory. The breed had a significant impact on slaughtering parameters. Significantly better parameter values of weight slaughtering halves, netto daily weight gain and dressing percentage were found in a group of crossbred beef cattle (P <0.001), while only negligible differences were detected for degree of fatty tissue cover parameter and dressing percentage (P> 0.05). Sex also had a significant effect on slaughtering traits. Male of beef cattle had a significantly more favorable parameter values of weight slaughtering halves and netto daily weight gain (P <0.001) and a negligible favorable values for the degree of fatty tissue coverage, dressing percentage and EUROP classification (P> 0.05).
In this study, significantly most favorable parameter results of weight slaughtering halves and netto daily weight gain were determined in male crossbred beef cattles (P <0.05), while for the remaining parameters (degree of fatty tissue coverage, dressing percentage and EUROP classification) only negligible differences between the two groups were established (P> 0.05). The significantly worst results of slaughtering traits were determined among female Simmental beef cattle. Female Simmental beef cattle had significantly lowest values of weight slaughtering halves and netto daily weight gain (P <0.05), while only negligible differences between the experimental groups were determined for parameters of fatty tissues coverage, dressing percentage and EUROP classification (P> 0.05). Female crossbreeds beef cattle compared to male Simmental cattle achieved significantly better results for the values of weight slaughtering halves and netto daily weight gain (P <0.05), while the were established only negligible differences (P> 0.05) between remaining studied parameters. Therefore, from the obtained results it can be concluded that the heterosis effect had an important role in improving the quality of beef halves. |
