Communism is an ideology that greatly influenced Europe after World War II, so understanding today's security and political issues requires an understanding of the Cold War division of Europe. In order to understand the influence of communism on Europe, it is necessary to study what that ideology says and why it was accepted in many countries. During the Cold War, Europe was divided between a regimes under the influence of the USA and a regimes under communist ideology under the majority influence of the USSR. There were also communist states that chose a path to the realization of communist ideology that was not in accordance with the policy of the USSR, such as Yugoslavia and Albania. The division of Europe into communist and democratic states indicates the significant influence of communism on the geopolitics of Europe both in the Cold War and today. In the Western countries of Europe, there were also various efforts to join the Eastern Bloc and, on the other hand, there were also efforts in the communist countries to join the Western Bloc. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a very important actor in Europe during the Cold War, so it is important to understand the internal political events in that leading communist state. The spread of communism was the greatest at the end of the Second World War when the USSR brought communist ideology to some of the European countries, which was caused by the fight against Nazi Germany. The aim of this final work is to show how communism spread across Europe, how it was maintained in various countries over the decades and how it influenced neighboring democratic states. The method of creating this final paper will be the analysis of documentation, archival materials and content that describe communism in Eastern Europe and its influence on Western European countries.