In the era of technological advancement, systems for protection against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a key element of national and private security, facing challenges brought by innovations in the field of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The work defines key terms related to unmanned aerial vehicles, including the NATO classification that sorts unmanned aircraft by size, range, flight altitude, and weight, enabling a precise understanding of the various types of vehicles and their potential threats. Furthermore, the work thoroughly describes C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems) systems, which are designed for the detection, identification, tracking, and neutralization of UAS. The analysis covers various technologies and approaches included in C-UAS systems, including radars, RF sensors, optical sensors, and laser systems, exploring their advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications. The taxonomy of detection and neutralization systems is thoroughly investigated, providing insight into the methodology of development and implementation of these systems in protecting critical infrastructure and high-risk areas. Comparing different approaches and technologies highlights progress in the field of C-UAS technology, emphasizing the innovations and challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in combating the growing threat of unmanned aircraft. The work concludes the importance of continuous development and adaptation of C-UAS systems in light of the dynamic advancement of unmanned aircraft technology.