This paper present insurgency and counterinsurgency as contemporary way of warfare, respectively two phenomena that are of great interest to many nowdays experts. Naturally, people are proun to express their dissatisfaction with given situation, and rebellion is only one form of its expression. Economic and social inequality, violations of human rights and fredom are some of the factors that encourage rebels' to demolish ruling power. On the other hand, counterinsurgency, is completely opposed to the insurgency and includes all elements of its suppression. Syrian Civil war is contmporary example of very complex form of insurgency involving many government and non-government actors. Although there are only two main sides in this conflict, there are large number of different actors, each with its own interests. Paper is conceptualized into several division and subdivision. The first division defines the structure of paper work, the basic concepts and the purpose of the research. Furthure, the concepts of insurgency and counterinsurgency are explained in more detail, ie their sturcture and way of its function. The central part takes a case study of the civil war in Syria. Next several chapters explain the historical predisposition of conflict outbreaks, further development and interests of external and internal actors. The next division deals with international measures and ways of defeating rebellion. The final part, or conclusion, present some of possible solutions to the 'Syrian question'