In this master thesis, the influence of concrete composition and quality on the occurrence of internal and external damage and the change of properties of reinforced concrete slabs due to explosive action is analyzed. Six samples of reinforced concrete slabs differ according to the compressive strength class (C30/37 - C50/60) and the material of fibers for micro-reinforcement (steel and synthetic). Visual inspection and non-destructive testing method (resipod, ultrasound and sclerometer) were performed before and after the explosion. During visual inspection the damaged and spalled concrete surface were measured, while the non-destructive testing methods were performed in order to measure the electrical resistance of the concrete, the velocity of the ultrasonic wave and the value of the Schmidt hammer rebound index, which were recognized as important parameters for determining the internal damage. Based on the measured values of the Schmidt hammer rebound index and compressive strength determined in the laboratory, exponential and polynomial correlation curves were determined for each specimen and the compressive strength of each of the specimens was calculated using the given correlation curves and the lower 10th percentile curve. The conclusion about the achieved effect of explosive action on conventionally reinforced concrete slabs and fiber reinforced concrete slabs was based on the analyzed test results. Since the military standard for the calculation of explosive charge does not recognize fiber-reinforced concrete, approximately triple amount of explosives was placed on one of the samples with the addition of steel fibers in order to verify the suitability of the military calculation of explosive charge for demolition of reinforced concrete elements.