| Abstract | Nakon Domovinskog rata u Republici Hrvatskoj, sve više su se gomilala ubojna sredstva kojima
je isticao rok trajanja, koja nisu bila za daljnju uporabu, koja su postala neperspektivna ili za koja
je jednostavno procijenjeno da njihov remont nije gospodarski i ekonomski isplativ te su takva
sredstva zahtijevala odgovarajuće zbrinjavanje. Budući da su dotada korištene metode
spaljivanja i detonacije na otvorenom imaju negativne posljedice na ljude i okoliš zbog
nastajanja otrovnih plinova i teških metala te s obzirom da je Republika Hrvatska ulaskom u
NATO i EU prihvatila zakonske regulative koje ju obvezuju na primjenu ekološki prihvatljivijih
metoda uništavanja, klasične metode uništavanja morale su se svesti na minimum.
Demilitarizacija je najprihvaćeniji način zbrinjavanja ubojitih sredstava u kojemu se kroz
procese delaboracije - rastavljanja ubojnih sredstava na sastavne elemente, uništavanja onih
elementa koje se ne može ili ne isplati reciklirati, recikliranja elemenata dobivenih delaboracijom
te praćenjem utjecaja procesa na zagađenje okoliša postiže najveća iskoristivost pojedinih
komponenti ubojnih sredstava.
U ovom završnom radu pobliže su opisana konvencionalna ubojna sredstva kao objekt
nad kojim se vrši postupak demilitarizacije te zakonska regulativa koja diktira izvođenje samog
postupka. Opisani su i istaknuti svi nedostaci klasičnih metoda uništavanja ubojnih sredstava te
je detaljno opisan proces pripreme i provedbe spomenutog postupka demilitarizacije. Ono što je
posebno naglašeno su mjere pirotehničke sigurnosti kojih se u svakom trenutku moraju
pridržavati svi sudionici bilo kojeg postupka s ubojnim sredstvima, kao i važnost ljudske svijesti
o štetnim utjecajima pojedinih postupaka na eko sustave, u vidu utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje te
onečišćenje vode, zraka i tla. |
| Abstract (english) | After the Homeland War in the Republic of Croatia, there was a problem with accumulating
more and more deadly, expired ammunition and explosives, which became unpromising or
which were simply assessed that their overhaul was not economically profitable, and such funds
required adequate disposal. Since it is recognized that open burning and open detonation
methods that are used so far, have negative consequences for humans and the environment due to
the formation of toxic gases and heavy metals, also considered that the Republic of Croatia has
joined NATO and the EU, thereby accepted legislation requiring more environmentally friendly
destruction methods, classical methods of destruction had to be kept to a minimum.
Demilitarization is the most accepted way of disposing of ammunition and explosives in
which through the processes of delaboration, that is disassembly of ammunition and explosives
into its constituent elements, destruction of those elements that cannot be or are not worth
recycling, recycling of elements obtained by delaboration and monitoring the impact of the
process on environmental pollution, is achieved maximum utilization of individual component of
ammunition and explosives.
In this final paper, conventional ammunition and explosives are described in more detail
as the object over which the demilitarization procedure is performed, as well as the legal
regulations that dictate the performance of the procedure itself. All the shortcomings of the
classical methods of destruction of ammunition and explosives are described and pointed out,
and the process of preparation and implementation of the mentioned demilitarization process is
described in detail. What is especially emphasized are the pyrotechnic safety measures that must
be observed all the time by all participants in any procedure with ammunition and explosives, as
well as the importance of human awareness of the harmful effects of certain procedures on
ecosystems, in terms of human health and water and air pollution. |
