| Abstract | Osteoporoza je sistemska skeletna bolest, koja je karakterizirana smanjenom koštanom masom, zahvaćene su većinom žene starije dobi nakon postmenopauze, iako muškarci u ovoj priči nisu isključeni. Postmenopauza se u Hrvatskoj prosječno javlja u 51. godini starosti. Budući da broj populacije starije dobi sve više raste, tako raste i broj žena, to jest muškaraca kod kojih se javlja osteoporoza. Samu bolest teško je prepoznati i dijagnosticirati, zapravo otkriva se u vrlo malo slučajeva. Bitno je istaknuti da osteoporoza predstavlja veliki javno-zdravstveni i društveno-ekonomski problem. Veliki broj populacije, koja pati od ove bolesti znatno umire, s obzirom da je ljudsko tijelo podložno prijelomima velikih zglobova, primjerice kuka. Osteoporozu podijelili smo na dvije skupine, primarnu i sekundarnu. Primarnu dijelimo na senilnu (involucijska) i postmenopauzalnu, dok sekundarnu ne dijelimo s obzirom da se javlja paralelno s drugom bolesti. Fizioterapeut kao stručnjak ima veliku ulogu u otkrivanju, liječenju i preveniranju osteoporoze. U slučaju zdravstvenih usluga i dobre edukacije pacijenata o osteoporozi, velika je mogućnost do dolaska pozitivnih ishoda u upravljanju ove bolesti nakon prijeloma na različitim mjestima. Liječenje se provodi farmakološki i nefarmakološki. Pod farmakološko liječenje spadaju određene vrste lijekova: raloksifen, alendronat, hormonsko nadomjesno liječenje (HNL), dok kod nefarmakološkog liječenja uz redovitu tjelesnu aktivnost spada i dovoljno konzumiranje vitamina D i kalcija. Cilj ovog rada je opisati, kako redovitom i pravilnom tjelovježbom prevenirati osteoporozu. Same vježbe trebale bi uključivati jačanje muskulature cijelog tijela i redoviti jogging ili hodanje. Vrlo je bitno da intenzitet treninga bude jak, uz bitnu napomenu da ne treba pretjerivati s jačinom treninga. Bitno je spomenuti, da pojačana mišićna aktivnost usporava razvoj osteoporoze, što je ujedno i cilj prevencije. Cilj je isto tako i objasniti liječenje i način na koji sprječavamo sljedeći prijelom, te fizioterapiju kao granu medicine koja danas ima veliku ulogu u liječenju ovakve bolesti. |
| Abstract (english) | Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, characterized by reduced bone mass, affecting mostly elderly women after postmenopause, although men are not excluded in this story. Postmenopause in Croatia occurs on average at the age of 51. As the elderly population grows, so does the number of women, ie men, who develop osteoporosis. The disease itself is difficult to recognise and diagnose, in fact it is detected in very few cases. It is important to point out that osteoporosis is a major public health and socio-economic problem. A large number of the population who suffer from this disease die, since the human body is prone to fractures of large joints, such as the hip. We divide osteoporosis into two groups, primary and secondary. The primary is divided into senile (involutional) and postmenopausal, while the secondary is not divided since it occurs in parallel with another disease. A physiotherapist as an expert has a major role to play in the detection, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. In the case of health services and good education of patients about osteoporosis, there is a great possibility of positive outcomes in the management of this disease after fractures in different places. Treatment is carried out pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Pharmacological treatment includes certain types of drugs: raloxifene, alendronate, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), while non-pharmacological treatment with regular physical activity and sufficient consumption of vitamin D and calcium. The aim of this paper is to describe how to prevent osteoporosis with regular and proper exercise. The exercises themselves should include strengthening the muscles of the whole body and regular jogging or walking. It is very important that the intensity of the training is strong, with the important note that you should not overdo it with the strength of the training. It is important to mention that increased muscle activity slows down the development of osteoporosis, which is also the goal of the prevention. The goal is also to explain the treatment and the way we prevent the next fracture and physiotherapy as a branch of medicine that today plays a major role in the treatment of this disease. |
