The subject of this the dissertation is to protect workers who are temporarily or permanently unable to work. This paper deals with the issue through legislation (primarily the Labour Code), and shows that the rights and obligations of participants in the work (employer and employee), and procedures for the protection of workers and property. Therefore, it is necessary that the worker during treatment or recovery from illness is protected in terms of the inability to cancel the contract on the grounds of illness or financial security for the duration of the disease. What is the point of view of the labour that is needed to know the rights and obligations of workers who are temporarily unable to work. The worker shall in the shortest possible time to inform your employer of temporary inability to work. The law has set a deadline of three days after the temporary incapacity as a time in which the worker must notify his employer of temporary inability to work and its expected duration. This notice is given in the form of a medical certificate (certificate of temporary incapacity for work). A certificate issued by a doctor chosen worker personally, and in the event that a worker hospitalized, certificates are issued to members of the worker's family. Labour Act further provides that if the employee for good cause could not fulfill its obligation within three days from the occurrence of the temporary incapacity for work, it is required to do so as quickly as possible, and no later than three days after the cessation of the reasons that it is in fact prevented. Failure to comply with these legal provisions may lead to the imposition of a written warning the employee by the employer, and therefore, the conditions are that at the first subsequent non-compliance with the provisions of the Labour Act, employment rules or collective contract, the worker may be regularly terminated the contract on the grounds of misconduct.