Throughout history, Croatia has had its ups and downs, and in the long run from the aspect of demographics, had a decline, that is, there was no population growth as it should be. Through history we blamed others, and today when we are "on our own" we seem to be doing poorly. Goal of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of measures and instruments of Croatian population policy through analysis of population policy in the Republic of Croatia and give a critical opinion on the measures that can contribute to improving the condition. The paper analyzes the most important demographic indicators in the period from 1953 to 2020. Furthermore, the measures and instruments of Croatia population policy were investigated and a brief analysis of history to see that the problem is not from "today". The results of the research indicate that the area of today's Croatia up to the 15th century developed almost as much as Western Europe, and has since lagged behind, both economically and demographic. The measures being implemented today are not adequate. The research results show that it is the last moment to do something, instead of setting up various commissions and sharing public money without clear criteria, measures should be targeted, especially in Slavonia, these measures must be implemented through tax policy.