Economy of some country is the most important strategic issue and this is the biggest national interest of every country including Republic of Croatia. It directly affects the level of development of the country and thus the standard of living of the country. In Croatia domineer suspicious atmosphere caused by mild economic growth. Although indicators show the contrary, the situation in the country is different. Extremely high unemployment, especially of young people, has become commonplace. Consequently, the absence of policies that would encourage the retention of the population could lead to massive emigration such as those typical of the last century.It is therefore very important connection between the economy and demography and their interdependence. Engaging experts both parties, in cooperation with the Government had to set up the basic population policy that its implementation of the long-term level has changed the negative trends of the potential extinction of the population which depends on the overall economy. Ensuring the quality of living conditions for future generations should be the primary goal of the state.The aim of this thesis, in accordance with previously disclosed issues, is to point out the importance of the needs of demographic renewal and its implementation for the preservation of the Croatian identity of the region, but also for the potential economic momentum in the future.