| Abstract | Cilj ovoga rada je analiziranje problematike seksualnog nasilja nad osobama s intelektualnim
teškoćama, odnosno, dan je kritički, znanstveni, ali i stručni pregled spoznaja te pregled
dostupnih inozemnih istraživanja, ali i dostupnih istraživanja provedenih u Republici Hrvatskoj
na ovu temu. Seksualno nasilje je jedan od najtežih oblika nasilja koji narušava osnovna ljudska
prava i jedan je od najgorih oblika diskriminacije. Posljedice seksualnog nasilja su brojne i
dugotrajne, a događa se da kod osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama ostaju i neotkrivene uslijed
smanjene sposobnosti osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama da iskažu emocije i pričaju o svome
psihičkom stanju. Brojni su čimbenici rizika koji pogoduju većoj vjerojatnosti da će osobe s
intelektualnim teškoćama biti izložene seksualnom nasilju. Neki od njih su: slabije rasuđivanje,
siromašna komunikacija i socijalne vještine, veće oslanjanja na pružatelje usluga, manjak
znanja o seksualnosti, niska razina svijesti o zaštiti vlastitog dostojanstva i sigurnosti u spolnom
ponašanju, nisko samopoštovanje, povodljivost u ponašanju, kognitivna ograničenja koja
otežavaju procjenu opasnosti neke situacije, nerazvijene vještine vlastitog donošenja odluka,
nedostatak edukacije o načinu obrane od spolne zloupotrebe. Što se tiče preventivnih programa,
namijenjenih i prilagođenih osobama s intelektualnim teškoćama, u našoj zemlji je stanje
nezadovoljavajuće, rad s djecom na ovome području često predstavlja dobru volju stručnjaka,
roditelja, učitelja, iako istraživanja ukazuju na veliku učestalost seksualnog nasilja nad djecom
i osobama s intelektualnim teškoćama. Potrebno je provesti sustavna istraživanja kako bi se
utvrdila jasna rasprostranjenost seksualnog nasilja, kako bi se čimbenici rizika smanjili te prema
tome voditi i registar. Nadalje, neophodno je zakone i propise provesti i u praksi, protokole
prilagoditi i osobama s invaliditetom, a prevenciju seksualnog nasilja temeljiti na dokazima
dobivenim kroz istraživanja. Potrebno je sustavno provoditi edukaciju samih osoba s
intelektualnim teškoćama, educirati i obitelj, odgojno-obrazovne djelatnike i sve druge
stručnjake koji su u kontaktu s ovom populacijom, sve u svrhu postizanja maksimalne zaštite
ove populacije. Ovaj rad ukazuje na potrebu kreiranja novih smjernica i preporuka za
pravovremeno sprječavanje zlostavljanja i pružanje podrške žrtvama seksualnog nasilja. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this paper is to analyze the issue of sexual abuse against people with intellectual
disabilities, ie, a critical, scientific and professional review of knowledge and review of
available foreign research and available research conducted in the Republic of Croatia on this
topic. Sexual abuse is one of the most severe forms of violence that violates basic human rights
and is one of the worst forms of discrimination. The consequences of sexual abuse are numerous
and long-lasting, and it happens that in people with intellectual disabilities they remain
undetected due to the reduced ability of people with intellectual disabilities to express emotions
and talk about their mental state. There are a number of risk factors that favor people with
intellectual disabilities more likely to be exposed to sexual abuse. Some of them are: poor
judgment, poor communication and social skills, greater reliance on service providers, lack of
knowledge about sexuality, low level of awareness about protecting one's dignity and safety in
sexual behavior, low self-esteem, behavioral coherence, cognitive limitations that make
assessment difficult the dangers of a situation, the underdeveloped skills of one's own decision-making, the lack of education on how to defend oneself from sexual abuse. As for prevention
programs, intended and adapted to people with intellectual disabilities, the situation in our
country is unsatisfactory, working with children in this area often represents the good will of
experts, parents, teachers, although research indicates a high frequency of sexual violence
against children and people with intellectual disabilities. Systematic research is needed to
determine the clear prevalence of sexual violence, to reduce risk factors, and to keep a register
accordingly. Furthermore, it is necessary to implement laws and regulations in practice, to adapt
protocols to persons with disabilities, and to prevent the prevention of sexual abuse on the basis
of evidence obtained through research. It is necessary to systematically educate people with
intellectual disabilities, to educate the family, educators and all other professionals who are in
contact with this population, all in order to achieve maximum protection of this population.
This paper points to the need to create new guidelines and recommendations for the timely
prevention of abuse and the provision of support to victims of sexual abuse. |
