The aim of this thesis is to compare the educational system of the penal institutions in Croatia with the educational system of the penal institutions in foreign countries by reviewing domestic and foreign literature. Educational programs for prisoners in foreign countries will be critically analysed in order to make recommendations on the possibilities of improving the educational system in Croatian penal institutions, as well as highlighting all challenges educational system in penal institutions has, especially in the context of implementing information and communication technologies. The Croatian education system in penal institutions can be characterized as mediocre in comparison with other European countries, and there are clear implications for improvement. Considering the remarks and recommendations of prisoners in Croatia and the analysis of relevant literature, it was determined that it is necessary to expand the range of available educational programs conducted by competent experts, to a greater extent motivate prisoners to attend educational programs and provide them with greater access to higher education. Moreover, educational programs must be aligned with the needs of the labour market and it is necessary to establish a base of educational programs. Following the example of developed European countries, Croatian penal institutions should implement information and communication technologies. Finally, it is necessary to improve the post- penal reception of prisoners, especially in the context of enabling them to continue with their studies after release from penitentiary. Despite the numerous challenges the Croatian penitentiary system is facing, of which it is necessary to single out those of a financial nature, as well as security nature, it is important to point out that non-investment or insufficient investment in prison education will ultimately lead to higher costs.