The Croatian and Ukrainian languages, being Slavic languages, use a significant number of augmentative and diminutive formations to convey the meaning of smaller or larger size, as well as many degrees of emotion, both positive and negative. This work offers a comparative analysis of the two languages in their similarities and differences, both in their approaches to these words or forms, and in their importance for the analyzed languages. An overview of the morphological processes of the creation of diminutives in the Croatian and Ukrainian languages is offered, as well as an overview of the morphology of augmentatives. After that, a contextual-semantic analysis is provided, which takes into account the difficulty of categorizing these formations according to their meanings in an abstract system, removed from the context in which they are used. This semantic part of the analysis concludes with an overview of the influence of augmentatives and diminutives on the speakers of the respective languages – how the meanings they form, and in turn prompt the language’s speakers to use, influence human and, subsequently, national mentality. The two languages are then compared according to the number of suffixes used in them to find out which of the languages uses a greater number of various diminutive and augmentative formations, which in turn continues the topic of the influence of this expressive vocabulary – not only how it changes the nation that speaks this language, but also the image of the language and its speakers in the eyes of other nations.