This paper deals with the phenomenon of language anxiety with speakers of Croatian as a second and foreign language. The role of affective factors in language acquisition will be observed in the context of prevalent communication approach. Language anxiety is an affective factor that significantly affects language acquisition, so the theoretical part of the paper explores causes and manifestations of language anxiety and its connection to success in learning. It emphasizes the importance of communication anxiety which involves speaking anxiety and listening anxiety in foreign language. The research part of the paper deals with language anxiety at speakers of Croatian as second and foreign language. The research was conducted at Croaticum – Center for Croatian as second and foreign in the summer semester of the academic year 2016/2017. 53 respondents, who attended Language Exercises 1, 3, 5 and 6, participated in the study. An adapted questionnaire was created based on the existing questionnaires. The aim of the research was to establish the existence of language anxiety, speaking anxiety and listening anxiety of Croatian as second and foreign, well as to determine the correlation with gender variable, the level of language acquisition, self-assessment of language skills and (un)related languages. The results show the existence of negative correlations between the degree of language acquisition and listening anxiety. The connection between self-assessment of Croatian language skills with language anxiety, speaking anxiety and listening anxiety was established, as well as the correlation between the degree of Croatian language anxiety and related languages.