Atherosclerosis is a disease in the main of the most cardiovascular disease. It is a result of many factors, one of the major is dyslipidemia, which leading to damages and changes in arterial endothelial function. Treatment aims are to slow the progression or to regression of the disease. The most successful treatment to achieve this are statins. Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme which is the limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. Reducing cholesterol synthesis in hepatocytes, they are affecting on lipids in blood plasma, lowering levels of LDL and triglyceride and increasing HDL levels. They are the drugs that are well tolerated and side effects are rare. Side effects are a consequence of drug activity in muscle cells and they can range from mild, myalgia, to the very serious, rhabdomyolysis. Rosuvastatin is a statin drug of a new generation. It has a higher lipophilicity and stronger affinity for the target enzyme. Pharmacological properties are different from other statins, it has a stronger effect on blood lipid levels and less side effects. This has been proved by numerous clinical studies. Pharmacogenetics is a scientific discipline that studies the influence of genes on the pharmacological properties of the drug. It bases on that interindividual differences in pharmacological properties are result of the genome diversity of people. By linking specific genotypes with specific phenotypes, it allows identification persons in the population that will have a different response to the drug (reduced effect or frequent side effects). Terapy of this individuals will be based on the guidelines, which will customize the way of taking the drug to conduct an effective pharmacotherapy. Pharmacogenetic study of rosuvastatin determine the genes that affect on the pharmacodynamics (genes for HMG-CoA reductase, the LDL receptor, KIF6 protein, APOE, APOC1, APOC2, Lp (a) and CYP7A1) and genes that affect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin (SLCO1B1, ABCG2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes). People with polymorphism Rs2231142 of the ABCG2 gene have a risk of higher concentrations of rosuvastatin in the blood than the general population and a higher chance of severe side effects.