Child sexual abuse is a form of abuse which, despite the undertaken efforts to improve the child protection systems, is accompanied by large and gloomy numbers. According to the Council of Europe, every fifth child is a victim of sexual abuse, and the disclosure rate is only 10%. This is very worrying information since the experience of sexual abuse leaves numerous and far-reaching consequences on the victims. The aim of this paper is to present in detail the latest theoretical and empirical knowledge about the signs of recognition (indicators) and consequences of child sexual abuse. In addition, the paper will shed light on the factors that influence the disclosure of child sexual abuse and the role of professionals in recognizing and preventing child sexual abuse, together with their protection. Firstly, the paper first gives an overview of the conceptual definition of child sexual abuse and its manifestations. Through the prism of the ecological theoretical framework, the key indicators and consequences of child sexual abuse are described with associated predictors, as well as the factors that prevent the disclosure of child sexual abuse (barriers) and those that contribute to its disclosure (facilitators). The key international and national legal documents that represent the framework for the actions of professionals and other adults when they encounter suspicion of child sexual abuse are listed as a part of the legal context of support and protection of child victims of sexual abuse. This is followed by the main stages and principles of conducting a research interview. Towards the end, an insight into the attitudes, knowledge and experiences that professionals encounter when working with children, (potential) victims of sexual abuse, is given. The aforementioned has a great influence on the disclosure and prevention of child sexual abuse.