| Abstract | Cilj ovog rada jest utvrditi spolne razlike u statusu uhranjenosti djece polaznika predškolske ustanove. Bitno je osvijestiti razne utjecaje koji mogu dovesti do zdravstvenih problema poput prekomjerne težine, pretilosti i pothranjenosti. Cilj je osigurati pravilan rast i razvoj djece, uvodeći im zdravu prehranu i redovitu tjelesnu aktivnost.
Istraživanje je provedeno u Dječjem vrtiću „Proljeće“, u mjestu Kloštar Ivanić, na uzorku od 30 djece, od kojih je bilo 15 dječaka i 15 djevojčica, radi utvrđivanja mogućih razlika u statusu uhranjenosti između spolova. Također se istražuje i važnost zdrave prehrane i tjelesne aktivnosti kod predškolske djece. Mjerile su se antropometrijske karakteristike (tjelesna visina, tjelesna težina, opseg bokova, opseg struka, kožni nabor nadlaktice i kožni nabor leđa) iz kojih je dobiven indeks tjelesne mase, postotak masti u tijelu te indeks omjera struka i bokova. Rezultati istraživanja dobiveni su putem programa Excel i Statistica 14. Izračunata je deskriptivna statistika (broj ispitanika, aritmetička sredina, najmanja vrijednost, najveća vrijednost, raspon između vrijednosti, standardna devijacija) i t-test, kako bi se dobio uvid u spolne razlike u statusu uhranjenosti djece predškolske dobi. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako nema statistički značajnih razlika u statusu uhranjenosti između dječaka i djevojčica. U kategoriju normalne uhranjenosti pripadaju 73% dječaka i 80% djevojčica, u kategoriju preuhranjenosti pripadaju 20% dječaka i 20% djevojčica, dok u kategoriju pretilosti pripada 7% dječaka. Istraživanje je prikazalo da je nešto veći kožni nabor nadlaktice kod djevojčica, nego kod dječaka. Ostale značajne razlike u antropometrijskim karakteristikama nisu vidljive. Bitno je da roditelji i odgojitelji potiču djecu na svakodnevne tjelesne aktivnosti. Djecu treba poučiti o važnosti tjelesne aktivnosti te im treba ponuditi raznovrsnu prehranu, koja uključuje puno voća, povrća i drugih zdravih namirnica. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this paper is to determine gender differences in the nutritional status of children attending a preschool institution. It is crucial to raise awareness of various influences that can lead to health issues such as overweight, obesity, and undernutrition. The goal is to ensure proper growth and development of children by introducing them to healthy nutrition and regular physical activity.
The research was conducted at the "Proljeće" Kindergarten in Kloštar-Ivanić, on a sample of 30 children, comprising 15 boys and 15 girls, to determine potential differences in nutritional status between genders. Additionally, the importance of healthy nutrition and physical activity in preschool children was investigated. Anthropometric characteristics were measured (body height, body weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, upper arm skinfold, and back skinfold), and body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. The research results were obtained using Excel and Statistica 14 software. Descriptive statistics (number of subjects, arithmetic mean, minimum value, maximum value, range, and standard deviation) and t-tests were calculated to gain insight into gender differences in the nutritional status of preschool children. The research showed no statistically significant differences in nutritional status between boys and girls. In the normal weight category, 73% of boys and 80% of girls were classified, in the overweight category, 20% of boys and 20% of girls were classified, while 7% of boys were classified as obese. The research indicated that girls had a slightly higher upper arm skinfold than boys. Other significant differences in anthropometric characteristics were not observed. It is essential for parents and educators to encourage children to engage in daily physical activities. Children should be taught the importance of physical activity and offered a varied diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and other healthy foods. |
