This thesis aims to analyze and present the theory of dual identity of literary translation. The paper first questions the position of the translator as an author and as an influencer of the culture they are taking the original from as well as the culture receiving the translation. This leads to the question of the role of translation in society as well as the cultural, political and economic circumstances, namely restrictions, which translators face during the process of translation. Furthermore, it summarizes the theories of some of the translation theorists, namely Lawrence Venuti, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Antoine Berman and Itamar Even-Zohar, before reaching and trying to provide an answer to the question of the position of translated literature within the literary polysystem. Finally, it reaches the notion of dual identity of translation, influenced by all mentioned above, and explains the meaning behind it.