Эта дипломная работа занимается появлением и развитием русского языкознания, от появления первой письменности в славянских странах в 9 веке до формирования и развития русских лингвистических школ конца 19 — начала 20 веков. В самом начале работы – описаны теории о языке и сделан анализ работ и памятников, значительных для развития русской письменности. Кроме того, в работе сделан анализ достижения и заслуги больших русских лингвистов: М.В. Ломоносова, А.А. Потебни, Ф.И. Буслаева, Ф.Ф. Фортунатова, И.А. Бодуэна де Куртенэ, В. А. Богородицкого. Русские лингвисти занимались проблемами отношения языка и мышления, системности, функциональности языка, граматической форме слова, вопросами статики и динамики, вопросами морфологического и фонологического аспектов языка. Кардинальным направлением в развитии русского языкознания и языкознания вообще считаются исследования Казанской и Московской школы языкознания. Несмотря на различие лингвистических аспектов школ, Казанская – социально-психологическая и Московская – формально-грамматическая, их связывали общие теоретически представления как структура языка, языковая форма, формалные отношения. Можно заключить, что современная лингвистика восприняла и продолжает развивать лингвистические идеи русских языковедов.

This master thesis is mainly focused on the emergence and further development of Russian linguistics, from the very first appearance of the literacy in Slavic speaking countries back in the 9th century all the way to the gradual formation, foundation and growth of the Russian linguistics schools of thought in the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century. In the very beginning of the thesis, apart from various language theories description being delivered, the analysis of the most representative theoretical, analytical and literary writings and remarkable monuments, whose existence proved to be of an indispensable and essential importance for the development of the literacy in Russian language, is also being carried out. Furthermore, the meritorious work and accomplishments of prominent Russian linguists such as: M. V. Lomonsov, A. A. Potebnja, F. I. Buslaev, F. F. Fortunatov, J. Baudouin de Courtenay, V. A. Bogorodicky are being analyzed further in the thesis. They took credit for the study of the problematic relationship between a language and a thought, i.e. conception of sense and notion in the language, for the research of the functional and systematical language features, as well as for their groundbreaking achievements in field of syntax and study of grammatical word forms. They also developed and elaborated new linguistic theories; alongside statics and dynamics phenomena in language, they also dealt with phonological and morphological language aspects. The Kazan and Moscow linguistic circles made the most significant contribution to the development of both Russian and world linguistics in general. Regardless of their different standpoints, the aforesaid socio-psychological, and formalist and grammatical schools of thought shared general theoretical outlook on the language structure, on the approach to the analysis of the language forms and formal relationships between them, and on the system of classification of linguistic disciplines. In conclusion, there is a tendency in contemporary linguistics for continual usage and further development of linguistic concepts conceived by Russian linguists.