Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding created modern cultivars with high-yielding potential and other improved traits. Knowledge of agronomic and economic characteristics is the basis for selecting the wheat cultivar for production. There is a number of wheat cultivars available on domestic market, while limited information is available for their important traits for the site-specific production under various soil and climatic conditions of Croatia. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to determine the most important economic (grain yield and grain protein content) and agronomic traits of modern wheat cultivars grown under the conditions of northern Croatia (MeĎimurje). All observations, measurements and analyses were carried out using standard agronomic methods. The highest grain yield in this on-farm trial was produced with cv Bc Anica, although this cultivar failed to have the largest number of ears per unit area. However, this highest-yielding cultivar simultaneously had the lowest test weight of only 68.1 kg/hl. Based on the results from this one-year on-farm trial, cultivars Kraljica, Bc Silvia and Bc Lorena could be recommended for wide-scale production due to their achieved grain yields (more than 9 t/ha) and satisfactory test weight (around 75 kg/hl). However, when protein content is also considered, only cultivars Kraljica and Silvia should be recommended for production due to their protein content within II quality level (more than 12.5% protein), while cv Bc Lorena was characterized by rather low protein content of 11, 59% only (III quality level).