| Sažetak | U slivu rijeke Save povezane su Slovenija, Hrvatska, Bosna i Hercegovina te Srbija. Sava je u Zagrebu izrazito važan krajobrazni element koji grad dijeli na sjeverni i južni dio. U 20. stoljeću na obali Save bili su prisutni razni društveni sadržaji sve do poplave 1964. Društveni život na obali iščeznuo je kasnije kada se uredio sustav za obranu od poplava, a 2000-ih godina tema uređenja Save i dalje se vrti u krug, otvaraju se natječaji, a realizacija je mjestimična i kratkoročna.
Krajobrazna slika Zagreba i urbanistička matrica grada pokazatelji su nepoštivanja prostornih planova. Takva slika grada rezultat je podlijeganja privatnim interesima i neuključivanja građana i stručne javnosti u donošenje odluka na vrijeme ili pak netransparentnih javnih rasprava i izlaganja. Zbog toga u gradu često izbijaju prosvjedi civilnih inicijativa uz podršku građana i stručne javnosti. Hrvatska je 2002. potpisala Europsku konvenciju o krajobrazima koja nalaže izradu politika u skladu s Arhuškom konvencijom iz 1998. o pristupu informacijama i sudjelovanju javnosti u odlučivanju o pitanjima zaštite okoliša. Sudjelovanje javnosti u Hrvatskoj je uređeno Zakonom o prostornom uređenju koji nalaže provedbu javnih rasprava tek nakon izrade prijedloga prostornog plana. Kasno uključivanje javnosti u planerske procese uzrokuje nezadovoljstvo građana i pojavu građanskih inicijativa koje se suprotstavljaju vlastima i njihovim odlukama.
Rijeka Sava u Zagrebu proteže se kao snažan linearni element koji blagom krivuljom teče kroz grad. Izgled rijeke 2000-ih rezultat je kanaliziranja rijeke i izgradnje sustava za obranu od poplava. Takvo tehničko rješenje izostavilo je društvenu funkciju rijeke i do 2020. takva funkcija još nije zaživjela. Neki od projekata i udruženja za rijeku Savu u Zagrebu, Hrvatskoj i na razini cijelog sliva su Savska komisija, projekt Zajedno za rijeku Savu, Javna ustanova Zeleni prsten i ostali.
Iako se Zagreb povijesno razvijao podno Medvednice, Sava je imala nekada važnu prometnu ulogu, a bila je u planu izgradnja i riječne luke. Iako se izgradio Novi Zagreb južno od Save, društveni život se i dalje nije orijentirao obali Save.
Istraživanjem iz 2004. koje su proveli Mišetić i sur., došlo se do saznanja da većina ispitanika ne želi živjeti blizu Save u Zagrebu, ali rijeke smatraju važnom stambenom aspiracijom. Prema tome, strah od poplava među stanovnicima i dalje je postojao.
Sava se u prostorno planskoj dokumentaciji 20. i 21. stoljeća uvijek spominjala kao važan element „zelenog prstena“ Zagreba zajedno s Medvednicom s kojom je važno osigurati povezanost do Save putem zelenih gradskih koridora. Usprkos tome, višegodišnja praksa pokazuje nemar prema zelenoj infrastrukturi grada koja je 2020-e ostala točkasta i nasumična.
Sava je ostala bitna zelena poveznica sjevernog i južnog dijela grada koja može postati važan element odraza kvalitete življenja u Zagrebu.
Analiza primjera uređenja obala rijeka u Europi daje uvid u provođenje dobrih i loših praksi uređenja riječnih krajobraza i služi kao polazište empirijskom istraživanju.
Online anketno istraživanje proveli smo u listopadu 2020. u razdoblju od osam dana, a ciljana skupina bili su stanovnici Grada Zagreba. Pitanja su većinom bila zatvorenog, ali i otvorenog tipa, a ispitanici su izrazili mišljenje o krajobrazu rijeke Save, mogućim načinima uređenja pojasa Save te o sudjelovanju građana u prostorno planskim odlukama. Ispitanici smatraju da je Sava važan element identiteta Zagreba čije trenutno uređenje nije optimalno. Smatraju da je uređenje s naglaskom na prirodni karakter najprikladnije kao i uređenje pojasa rijeke kao krajobraznog parka te smatraju da u takav oblik uređenja treba uložiti javni novac. Ispitanici dalje smatraju da građani nisu dovoljno informirani i ne uključuju se u donošenje prostorno planskih odluka no isto tako tvrde da ne idu na javne rasprave i izlaganja planova, ali bi voljeli sudjelovati u donošenju odluka kada bi znali da imaju utjecaj.
Nakon online anketnog istraživanja proveli smo intervjue s pet predstavnika stručne javnosti koji smatraju da je Sava tehnički adekvatno uređena, ali nema društvenu svrhu. Smatraju da za optimalno rješenje treba riješiti problem regulacije Save i okupiti širok spektar stručnjaka. Prije svega smatraju da prostorni planeri pri izradi planova podliježu političkim interesima pa se pravila struke ne poštuju, a građani se ne uključuju na vrijeme u planerski proces i javne rasprave su laicima nejasne te nisu transparentne. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia are connected with the Sava River Basin. In Zagreb, the Sava is an extremely important landscape element that divides the city into northern and southern parts. In the 20th century, various social facilities were present on the bank of the Sava until the flood of 1964. Social life on the bank disappeared later when the flood defense system was regulated, and in the 2000s the topic of the Sava regulation continued to revolve. Landscaping tenders have been launched a lot of times, and the realization is always sporadic and short-term.
The landscape image of Zagreb and the urban matrix of the city are indicators of non-compliance with spatial plans. Such a picture of the city is the result of succumbing to private interests and not involving citizens and the professional public in timely decision-making or non-transparent public debates and presentations. As a result, protests by civic initiatives with the support of citizens and the professional public often erupt in the city. In 2002, Croatia signed the European Landscape Convention, which requires policy-making in line with the 1998 Aarhus Convention on Access to Information and Public Participation in Decision-Making on Environmental Issues. Public participation in Croatia is regulated by the Law on Physical Planning, which requires the implementation of public hearings only after the drafting of a spatial plan. Late public involvement in planning processes causes citizen dissatisfaction and the emergence of civic initiatives that oppose the authorities and their decisions.
The Sava River in Zagreb stretches as a strong linear element that flows through the city with a slight curve. The appearance of the river in the 2000s is the result of canalization of the river and construction of a flood defense system. Such a technical solution left out the social function of the river and by 2020 such a function had not yet come to life. Some of the projects and associations for the Sava River in Zagreb, Croatia and at the level of the entire basin are the Sava Commission, the project Zajedno za rijeku Savu, the Public Institution Green Ring and others.
Although Zagreb has historically developed at the foot of Medvednica, the Sava once had an important transport role, and the construction of a river port was also planned. Although New Zagreb was built south of the Sava, social life was still not oriented to the banks of the Sava.
A 2004 study by Mišetić et al found that most respondents did not want to live near the Sava River in Zagreb, but considered rivers an important housing aspiration. Therefore, the fear of floods among the residents still existed.
The Sava has always been mentioned in the spatial planning documentation of the 20th and 21st centuries as an important element of the "green ring" of Zagreb together with Medvednica, with which it is important to ensure connections to the Sava through green city corridors. Nevertheless, years of practice show negligence towards the city’s green infrastructure, which in 2020 remained spotty and random. The Sava has remained an important green link between the northern and southern parts of the city, which can become an important element of the reflection of the quality of life in Zagreb.
The analysis of examples of river bank management in Europe provides insight into the implementation of good and bad practices of river landscape management and serves as a starting point for empirical research.
We conducted an online survey in October 2020 over a period of eight days, and the target group was residents of the City of Zagreb. The questions were mostly closed, but also open, and the respondents expressed their opinion on the landscape of the Sava River, possible ways of arranging the Sava belt and the participation of citizens in spatial planning decisions. Respondents believe that the Sava is an important element of the identity of Zagreb, whose current arrangement is not optimal. They believe that landscaping with an emphasis on the natural character is the most appropriate, as well as landscaping of the river belt as a landscape park, and they believe that public money should be invested in such a form of landscaping. Respondents further believe that citizens are not sufficiently informed and not involved in spatial planning decisions but also claim that they do not go to public hearings and presentation of spatial plans, but would like to participate in decision making if they knew they had an impact.
After the online survey, we conducted interviews with five representatives of the professional public who believe that the Sava is technically adequately regulated, but has no social purpose. They believe that the problem of river regulation should be solved first, so that an optimal solution can be reached, for which a wide range of different experts should be gathered. But first of all, they believe that spatial planners are subject to political interests when making plans, so the rules of the profession are not respected, citizens are not involved in the planning process in time and public hearings are unclear to the layman and not transparent. |
