One of the most important problems of today is the pollution of soil, water and air by different toxic substances. Pollution of soil, water and air has a negative effect on the health of people and sustainability of ecosystems. Therefore, it is vital to to develop a strategy and methods for effectively resolving the aforementioned problem. The role of mushrooms in the detoxification of soil and water is unique. Mycoremediation represents the potential of using mushrooms for the remediation of poluting substances first of all in soil and water. Mycoremediation relies on effective enzymes from mushrooms that have the ability to degrade different substrates and polutants, but the potential of mycoremediation has not yet been significantly utilised. Examples of mushrooms that are used as mycoremediators are - Pleurotus ostreatus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Tramates hirsute, T. versicolor, Lentinus edodes, Cladosporium resinae, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terrus i Trichoderma. The goal of this work is to describe the role and importance of mycoremediation in the sustainable development o fan ecosystem. Despite being the dominant living biomass in soil, mushrooms have not yet been significantly used for the mycoremediation of poluted environments. More extensive research is needed about the role of mushrooms in mycoremediation.