The paw-paw (Asimina triloba L.), a fruit species still unknown to some, is a new fruit species grown in the Republic of Croatia, so that there are small plantations of this species in only a few places. Paw-paw is native to North America, where it grows wild. The fruit used for consumption is characterized by high energy value and contains significant amounts of various vitamins, minerals and other phytochemicals important for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional potential, bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity of the fruits of the species Asimina triloba L. from different growing areas in the Republic of Croatia. All analyzed paw-paw fruits are characterized by high content of dry matter (average values regardless of location 23.76%) and high value of soluble solids (average value 20.11%). According to the analyzed physicochemical parameters, the fruits of paw-paw can be considered as a nutritionally valuable raw material. Also, according to the analyzed bioactive compounds, the fruits of this species are characterized by a high content of vitamin C (average 35.69 mg/100 g fresh weight), total phenols (average 224.02 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight) and β-carotene (average 95.62 μg/100 g fresh weight), and thus high values of antioxidant capacity (average 2412.92 μmol TE/L). It should be emphasized that papaya fruits differ significantly in the analyzed physicochemical parameters and in the content of bioactive compounds, taking into account the location of cultivation, which leads to the conclusion that abiotic factors or specific pedoclimatic conditions in different parts of Croatia significantly influence the nutritional composition of paw-paw fruits. On the basis of all the nutrient composition analyzes carried out, it can also be concluded that all the locations studied (continental and Croatian coastal areas) are suitable for growing this fruit species.