The main representatives of the plant family of cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae L.) are cultivated mainly for human consumption. Depending on the species, they are used raw or processed. Reduced yields and/or storage losses caused by phytopathogens significantly affect production. Bacteria, as one of the representatives of plant pathogenic prokaryotes, can cause significant reduction of yield and quality. The most important bacterial species that occur on cucurbits are: Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, Erwinia tracheiphila, Xanthomonas cucurbitae, Acidovorax citrulli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Analysis of bacteria present in and on plant organisms, as well as laboratory identification of species causing bacterioses on cucurbits, is useful for production praxis only in case when it is performed on time. Sampling for laboratory analysis is conditioned by the recognition of disease symptoms in the field. The paper provides an overview of modern scientific and professional knowledge about bacterioses of cucurbits, their diversity, presence and occurrence of pathogens and epidemiology, and the specifics of their symptomatology. The basics of general diagnostic laboratory protocols intended for the identification of bacterial pathogens of cucurbits, as well as strategies for their control, are presented. Economically and environmentally friendly plant protection techniques that need to be applied, in order to reduce or prevent damage caused by bacterial diseases, were emphasized.