The combination of customer awareness of food quality and man-made environmental problems is leading to greater acceptance of organic production worldwide. Organic farming occupies an important place in recent EU policies, particularly the Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy. The EU plans to increase organic production to 25% of utilized agricultural land by 2030. Despite the generous support planned for organic farming, farmers' willingness to convert depends on the business results and market potential of organic farming. In comparison with mainstream conventional agriculture, organic farming has several advantages such as the production of healthy food, environmental protection, increasing biodiversity and animal welfare. However, like any other business, organic production is necessary to be profitable and to be commercially competitive. The thesis aims to compare the competitiveness of wheat, corn, barley and hemp in Croatia and Canada. The objective of the study is to assess the economic viability and risk of organic grain production, examine the relationship between production cost structures and farm performance, examine efficiency, and specifically address economies of scale in competitiveness. This study provides estimates of Domestic Resource Cost for wheat, barley, corn and hemp in Canada and Croatia, thereby evaluating competitiveness and comparative advantage of these agricultural commodities. According to the DRC methodology, the findings indicate that organic wheat, maize, and hemp production demonstrate competitiveness in both countries. However, in the case of barley, production does not possess economic viability. This research holds significance for researchers who are interested in learning more about the profitability structure of organic agriculture. Moreover, policymakers seeking to assess the necessity of subsidies for organic farmers, as well as farmers considering the cultivation of organic food, may find this study to be invaluable.