The fig is one of the oldest fruit species in the world, the intensity of cultivation in Croatia varied from complete neglect to gradual revitalization and popularization, which raises the question of the structure and reliability of the existing variety lists. The choice and availability of different varieties of figs today is closely related to the offer of nurseries that guarantee the true-to-type genotype of the variety. However, in the case of figs, the phenotypic unevenness of the new plantings is visible, and only basic descriptions of the cultivars are given in the professional literature. Numerous cases of synonyms and homonyms point to the non-consistency of variety genotype, that is, to the possibility of heterogeneity of the variety populations. The goal of this research was to verify the status of genetic uniqueness, distinctness and uniformity of three economically important fig varieties in Croatia by applying genetic and pomological identification methods. Genotype analysis using microsatellite markers at seven loci and selected IPGRI descriptors determined the heterogeneity of cultivars within and between production and mother plantations, opened questions about the identity of individual cultivars and the credibility of national fig collections. There is need for more extensive research on a larger number of cultivars and based on larger sample. Both, molecular marker genotyping, as well as appropriate pomological analyzes would be necessary in order to establish the true-to-type genotypes and prime names of the economically relevant fig cultivars.