| Sažetak | Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi varijabilnost ukupnih koncentracija itrija (Y), torija (Th), uranija (U) i cirkonija (Zr) u odabranim tlima Republike Hrvatske (RH) ovisno o načinima njihova korištenja. Istraživanje se temeljilo na analizi 33 površinska (0-30 cm) uzorka tla prikupljenih u razdoblju 2005.-2023. u sklopu znanstvenih istraživanja djelatnika Zavoda za opću proizvodnju bilja Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Uzorci su prikupljeni s trinaest lokaliteta (Vukovar, Molve, Zagreb, Potok, Lepoglava, Krapina, Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje, Karlovac, Risnjak, Vodnjan, Gospić, Pag, Mljet) i razlikovali su se po tipu tla, načinima korištenja (obradivo, livada, šuma, voćnjak, urbano uz prometnicu, skijaška staza) i primijenjenoj NPK gnojidbi. Metodom prijenosne rendgenske fluorescencije utvrdile su se ukupne koncentracije Y, Th, U i Zr, a njihova varijabilnost ovisno o lokacijama istraživanja testirana je analizom varijance. Rezultati ukazuju da je sadržaj akumuliranih elemenata značajno varirao ovisno o lokacijama uzorkovanja za svaki pojedini način korištenja tla uz iznimku torija koji nije značajno varirao u urbanim tlima uz prometnicu. Ovisno o načinima korištenja odabranih tala prosječni sadržaj promatranih elemenata opadao je u sljedećem nizu: Y: skijaški spust (33,5 mg kg-1) > obradivo tlo (32,4 mg kg-1) > livada (32,3 mg kg-1) > šuma (32,0 mg kg-1) > voćnjak (26,8 mg kg-1) > urbano tlo uz prometnicu (25,8 mg kg-1); Th: livada (10,3 mg kg-1) > voćnjak (10,0 mg kg-1) > obradivo tlo (7,86 mg kg-1) > šuma (6,33 mg kg-1) > urbano tlo uz prometnicu (4,83 mg kg-1) > skijaški spust (4,0 mg kg-1); U: livada (4,83 mg kg-1) > voćnjak (3,33 mg kg-1) > urbano tlo uz prometnicu (3,00 mg kg-1) obradivo tlo (2,89 mg kg-1) > šuma (2,83 mg kg-1) > skijaški spust (2,00 mg kg-1); Zr: obradivo tlo (333,0 mg kg-1) > šuma (283,6 mg kg-1) > livada (279,1 mg kg-1) > voćnjak (223,2 mg kg-1) > skijaški spust (164,5 mg kg-1) > urbano tlo uz prometnicu (158,8 mg kg-1). |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The aim of this thesis was to determine the variability of total concentrations of yttrium (Y), thorium (Th), uranium (U), and zirconium (Zr) in selected soils of the Republic of Croatia, depending on their land use. The research was based on the analysis of 33 surface (0-30 cm) soil samples collected between 2005 and 2023 as part of scientific studies conducted by researchers from the Department of General Agronomy at the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb. The samples were collected from thirteen locations (Vukovar, Molve, Zagreb, Potok, Lepoglava, Krapina, Zumberak-Samoborsko gorje, Karlovac, Risnjak, Vodnjan, Gospić, Pag, Mljet) and varied by soil type, land use (arable land, meadow, forest, orchard, urban near traffic roads, ski slope), and applied NPK fertilization. Total concentrations of Y, Th, U, and Zr were determined using portable X-ray fluorescence, and their variability across research locations was tested by analysis of variance. The results indicate that the content of accumulated elements significantly varied depending on the sampling locations for each land use type, except for thorium, which did not significantly vary in urban soils near roads. Depending on the land use, the average content of the observed elements decreased in the following order, Y: ski slope (33.5 mg kg⁻¹) > arable land (32.4 mg kg⁻¹) > meadow (32.3 mg kg⁻¹) > forest (32.0 mg kg⁻¹) > orchard (26.8 mg kg⁻¹) > urban soil near roads (25.8 mg kg⁻¹); Th: meadow (10.3 mg kg⁻¹) > orchard (10.0 mg kg⁻¹) > arable land (7.86 mg kg⁻¹) > forest (6.33 mg kg⁻¹) > urban soil near roads (4.83 mg kg⁻¹) > ski slope (4.0 mg kg⁻¹); U: meadow (4.83 mg kg⁻¹) > orchard (3.33 mg kg⁻¹) > urban soil near roads (3.00 mg kg⁻¹) > arable land (2.89 mg kg⁻¹) > forest (2.83 mg kg⁻¹) > ski slope (2.00 mg kg⁻¹); Zr: arable land (333.0 mg kg⁻¹) > forest (283.6 mg kg⁻¹) > meadow (279.1 mg kg⁻¹) > orchard (223.2 mg kg⁻¹) > ski slope (164.5 mg kg⁻¹) > urban soil near roads (158.8 mg kg⁻¹). |
