The aim of the study was to present scientifically based knowledge about the feeding behavior of sheep in different environmental conditions. It was determied that the feeding behavior of sheep represents a complex system of interaction between physiology, ecology and social dynamics, which jointly affect the processes of feed selection and intake. Early exposure to various feeds, gradual introduction of changes (feed, equipment, etc.), and the possibility of socialization and active learning from conspecifics, are the main positive promoters of feeding behavior in sheep. Stressful factors, such as exposure to extreme weather conditions and traces of predators, sudden changes in diet and environment, and social isolation, have been identified as the main obstacles for the manifestation of typical sheep feeding behavior. In addition to the presentation of the significance of certain senses in sheep feeding, some dilemmas of ethologists related to complex aspects of feeding behavior were highlighted. The study represents the first comprehensive insight into the important factors of the feeding behavior of sheep written in the Croatian language, and the first comprehensive guidelines for managing the feeding of sheep in accordance with the basic principles of wellfare.