Organic farming, which relies on sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices, is experiencing a growing demand for its products. The European Union, and particularly Croatia through the National Action Plan for the Development of Organic Farming 2023 2030, places significant importance on this sector. The European Green Deal aims to address climate change and environmental degradation by promoting more sustainable economic and social models, targeting climate neutrality by 2050. Given the increasing significance of organic farming, it is crucial to analyze the differences in risk management between conventional and organic production, as well as to compare their production-economic indicators. The aim of this study is to analyze the risks affecting vegetable production and to explore the strategies employed by both conventional and ecological producers. Additionally, the study will include the calculation of basic economic indicators of vegetable production to compare the results between these two groups of producers. This analysis will provide insights into the challenges and practices shaping the vegetable sector. Methods of primary and secondary research were used. Data was collected through a case study of one conventional and one organic cabbage producer from the Adriatic region of Croatia, as well as one conventional and one organic producer from the Continental region of Croatia. The research shows that agricultural producers face moderate to significant challenges, such as insect attacks, diseases, and rising input prices, while risks like earthquakes and land scarcity are less of a concern. Differences among producers exist depending on the geographical area and production methods. Key strategies include the use of more resilient crops and irrigation, with conventional producers emphasizing the importance of insurance. Although all farms achieve positive financial results, profitability, particularly among organic producers, remains low, and the Adriatic region of Croatia has lower break-even points compared to the Continental region.