This experimental bachelor thesis was based on the hypothesis that different soil compositions affect the behavior and physiology of Eisenia fetida earthworms. As part of the experiment the earthworms were exposed to six different soil samples that were prepared in the laboratory. Each soil consisted of peat, clay and sand with different percentages. One of the six soil samples also contained a standard combination of sand, clay, and peat usually used in experiments with earthworms (OECD soil sample with 70% sand, 20% clay, and 10% peat). Changes in earthworm behaviour based on different soil composition were recorded in 2D teraria. Two earthworms were exposed to each of the six soil samples. Movement of each earthworm (individually) was recorded in 1 minute increments for 24h. To determine the physiological responses of the earthworms, five earthworms spent one week in each of the 6 soil samples under controlled conditions. After exposure, a homogenate from each individual earthworm was made. Carbohydrate concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically from the homogenates of each sample and enzyme concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically from the supernatant of each sample. The obtained results indicate that the soil composition has influence on the behavioral characteristics (length and complexity of the tunnel system) and physiological characteristics (change in mass and protein concentration in tissues) of earthworms.