The core notion determining the success rate of the medically assisted reproduction is the right growth of the oocytes. The environment, or the so called microenvironment, greatly influences the quality of the oocyte and it includes the cumulus cells and the follicular fluid. Determining the specific components of this microenvironment, which can be easily and swiftly detected, and which enable us to distinguish between good and bad quality oocytes, would contribute to the success rate of the medically assisted reproduction. Anti-Müllerian hormone is a glycoprotein growth factor emitted by the cumulus cells. Considering its role in the folliculogenesis, this doctoral thesis looked into the expression profile of the stated gene and its respective receptors. Their correlation with the oocyte quality in the process of medically assisted reproduction was examined, as well as morphological characteristics of the oocytes, zygotes and embryos together with their fertilization potential. The research included 129 cumulus cells samples and 35 follicular fluid samples which had been harvested from 52 patients during the process of medically assisted reproduction. The method of relative quantification of gene expressions in the cumulus cells for the researched genes was employed, the enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentration of AMH in the follicular fluid of the respective follicle, and the morphological analysis of the oocytes, zygotes and embryos was conducted by inverted microscopy. The results obtained in the research for the first time show the negative correlation between the AMH and AR genes expression in the cumulus cells and the morphological quality, i.e. maturity, of the respective egg cell. Furthermore, the research determined the existence of correlations between the expressions of the examined genes as follows: between FSHR genes and all the other researched genes (AMH, AMHR2 and AR), between AMHR2 and AR genes, as well as between AMH and AR genes. The obtained results also contribute to the clarification of the potential connection between AMH (and the receptors directly or less directly linked to this hormone) and morphological quality of the egg cell. The research confirmed the importance of the cumulus - oocyte complex, i.e. of the communication between the egg cell and its microenvironment, for the growth of a high - quality oocyte, which is a prerequisite for a successful fertilization and growth of a high - quality embryo.