The olive tree is one of the most widespread and economically important oil crops in the Mediterranean region. Olive cultivation represents an important agro-industrial sector with significant economic, social, and ecological importance. The European Union accounts for about 80% of the total world production, led by Spain, Italy, and Greece. Through its legislation, the European Union aims to maintain and improve its leading role in the olive sector, ensuring equal conditions for all producers within market standards. In the past decade, the Republic of Croatia has recorded a positive trend in the olive-growing sector. By combining a long-standing tradition of production and investments in oil quality with the development of agrotourism, Croatian olive oils are increasingly recognized as premium products. Despite the positive trend, olive growing in the Republic of Croatia presents challenges for producers in terms of unmanageable and fragmented land, a lack of education, and insufficient investment in equipment and machinery. Climate change is having an increasing impact on olive cultivation, leading to crop destruction and thus increasing the income instability of farmers. The Republic of Croatia is not self-sufficient in production, leading to a deficit in foreign trade of olive oil. The paper presents an economic and financial analysis of the establishment of olive plantations and olive oil production. Based on the economic and market evaluation of the project, the obtained values indicate that the investment is financially viable for the investor, provided that the expected yields and olive oil marketing are achieved.