| Sažetak | Projekt se smatra uspješnim samo ako je završen u odgovarajućem vremenskom roku, s određenom
kvalitetom i unutar zadanog budžeta. Međutim, svakom projektu prijete rizici, bez obzira na
njegovu veličinu, tehnološku zrelost, složenost projektne strukture, kvalificiranost projektnog
menadžera i projektnog tima. Rizik je događaj koji ako se ostvari može imati pozitivan ili
negativan utjecaj na ciljeve projekta. Najčešći razlog zašto projekti premaše vremenska očekivanja
(a posljedično i financijska) je korištenje samo CPM metodologije prilikom planiranja projekata u
popularnim alatima. To dovodi do determinističkih “signle-point” predviđanja koja su subjektivna
i jako neprecizna. Zato je potrebno posvetiti pažnju upravljanju rizicima kao posebnom dijelu
upravljanja projektima kako bi se postigli zacrtani ciljevi bez iznenađenja. To je sustavni proces
planiranja, identificiranja, analiziranja, planiranja odgovora te praćenja i kontrole rizika s ciljem
maksimiziranja vjerojatnosti nastanka i utjecaja pozitivnih događaja te smanjenja mogućnosti
nastanka i posljedica negativnih događaja. Pritom se angažiraju stručnjaci za upravljanje rizikom,
ponekad cijeli timovi, konstantno se razvijaju novi načini i metodologije i koriste razni softverski
alati. Bez njih je danas proces upravljanja rizicima nezamisliv zbog pogodnosti koje pružaju.
Kupnju ovakvih alata treba gledati kao nužnu investiciju za poboljšanje poslovanja, a nikako kao
trošak. Da bi upravljanje rizikom bilo učinkovito treba s njime započeti od najranije faze planiranja
projekta i kontinuirano provoditi kroz cijeli životni ciklus projekta, takozvano proaktivno
upravljanje rizicima. Za male projekte planiranje može biti neformalno dok je za velike i složene
projekte potrebno sastaviti plan upravljanja rizicima u pisanom obliku. Također, upravljanje
projektima zahtjeva dosta vremena, ali i novca te odgovarajuću osobu koja posjeduje teorijska i
tehnička znanja o tematici uz neizostavno odlično poznavanje statistike. Isto tako, treba biti
svjestan da se rizici nikada ne mogu u potpunosti ukloniti, ali ih se može svesti na prihvatljivu
razinu i biti spreman na njihovu pojavu. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The project is considered successful only if it is completed within a reasonable time, with a certain
quality and within the given budget. However, each project is threatened by risks, regardless of its
size, technological maturity, the complexity of the project structure and qualifications of project
managers and project team. Risk is an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, can have a
positive or negative impact on the project objectives. The most common reason why projects
exceed time expectations (and consequently financial) is use of only CPM methodology when
planning projects in popular tools. This leads to a deterministic "signle-point" predictions that are
very subjective and imprecise. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to risk management as a
separate part of the project management in order to achieve the intended objectives without
surprises. It is a systematic process of planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and
risk monitoring and control in order to maximize the probability of occurrence and impact of
positive events and decrease the possibility and the consequences of negative events. Thereby,
experts in risk management, and even a whole teams are engaged, new methods and methodologies
are constantly developed and various software tools are used. Without software tools, today's risk
management process would be unthinkable for the benefits they provide. The purchase of these
tools should be seen as a necessary investment for improving the business and not as an expense.
In order to be effective, risk management should be conducted from the earliest stages of project
planning and implemented through the entire project life cycle, the so-called proactive risk
management. For small projects, planning can be informal, while for large and complex projects a
risk management plan need to be compiled in writing. Also, project risk management requires a
lot of time, but also money and a suitable person who possesses theoretical and technical
knowledge of the issues as well as excellent knowledge of statistics. But, one should be aware of
that risks can never be completely removed, but they can be reduced to an acceptable level and
one can be ready for their occurrence |
