In this final thesis, a comparative analysis of the pension system in the Republic of Croatia and other European Union countries is conducted. The focus is placed on various aspects of these systems, including their structure, financing, retirement access, and the challenges they face. In the Republic of Croatia, the pension system is based on the principle of intergenerational solidarity, where current workers fund the pensions of retirees. Additionally, the impact of Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2013 on the pension system policy and the increase in pensions for citizens is analyzed. The Croatian pension system is compared and contrasted with the pension systems of other EU countries, with special attention given to Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, and Slovakia. It is important to note that these countries have had different historical and economic contexts and have developed various strategies to ensure the income of retirees. Key challenges faced by pension systems in all of the mentioned countries are analyzed, including demographic changes, increased life expectancy, financial sustainability, and the political and social implications of pension reforms. This thesis provides a deeper insight into various aspects of pension systems in the Republic of Croatia and other EU countries, offering a comparative perspective that helps understand the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of these systems and their importance for the well-being of citizens in the future.