This paper analyzes the dynamics of the current account through the prism of the trade balance, the service sector, the inflow of foreign investments and domestic savings. The research methodology included quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, with the use of data from relevant sources such as the Croatian National Bank, the State Statistical Office and international organizations such as the IMF. Quantitative analysis included an assessment of the impact of domestic savings, foreign capital inflows and trade flows on the current account, while qualitative methods provided a deeper understanding of structural changes in the economy and their implications for the foreign trade balance. One of the most important findings of the work is that during most of the observed period, Croatia recorded a continuous deficit in the goods balance, which is the result of large imports compared to relatively weak exports. This deficit in the goods balance is partially neutralized by the surplus in the balance of services, mostly thanks to the significant contribution of tourism, which has become a key factor for the external economic stability of the country. Despite this, the paper emphasizes how high dependence on tourism, as a seasonal activity, can create additional risks for the current account, especially in periods of global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has seriously affected the sector. A comparison with other post-transition countries, such as Slovenia and Hungary, reveals similar challenges faced by these economies. All observed examples show fluctuations in the inflow of foreign investments, which are a key source of capital for financing the current account deficit. Capital outflow through foreign direct and portfolio investments in some years further burdens the current account and creates additional macroeconomic pressures. The importance of structural reforms and the need to increase the competitiveness of domestic products in order to reduce dependence on imports and strengthen the export sector is particularly emphasized. Thus, strengthening the sustainability of the current account implies structural reforms aimed at increasing the competitiveness of domestic production, diversifying exports and creating a more favorable environment for foreign investments. Stabilizing inflation and encouraging domestic savings can also contribute to the long-term stability of external economic relations, reducing dependence on external financing and reducing sensitivity to global economic shocks