The subject of this thesis is the banking system of China. The banking system is the foundation for the China's economic development. Therefore, an overview of China's economic and financial development through history is given and the most important regulators of China's financial system are highlighted. During the analysis, a particular emphasis was placed on the profitability and stability of the banking system and its ownership structure. Also, the paper systematically presents the consequences of different trends in the period before, during and after the global financial crisis, and analyzes their impact on the banking system as well as on the Chinese economy. The aim of this paper is to investigate the specifics of China's banking system, to analyze how it (as well as the entire financial system) successfully follows the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Also, the conclusions of the conducted research and assumptions for the future development of China's banking system are outlined. The Chinese banking system, regardless of its strengths and weaknesses, will certainly remain a major support for the future growth of China's economy. Research in the paper contributes to a better understanding of the functioning of the banking system in specific economies such as China.