The concept of tax literacy and education in the Republic of Croatia will be introduced into the paper using appropriate literature. Their importance will first be attempted to be shown from a theoretical point of view. Tax literacy of the population is a relatively new activity whose implementation has begun in developed countries. Accordingly, it represents an important societal challenge that requires mutual cooperation between taxpayers, the education sector, the public sector and other important institutions in the process of tax literacy. A tax literate person is able to calculate his or her own tax liabilities, is familiar with tax terminology and his or her own tax rights, and is aware of the importance of paying taxes, which makes him or her a responsible taxpayer. Such an appropriate level of tax literacy will enable understanding of frequent changes in the tax system and adaptation to them and lead to improvement, both for the individual and for the state as a whole. In the Republic of Croatia, there is a growing awareness of the importance of one of the basic resources of today, ie knowledge as the initiator and main catalyst for change in the 21st century. Therefore, the importance of education activities is observed at the individual and national level. In the second part of the paper, an attempt will be made to investigate the current level of tax literacy in the Republic of Croatia. The significant role of educational institutions in the process of tax literacy will be explained and their connection will be shown through the conducted research. Based on the results of the research, proposals for spreading and promoting tax literacy will be listed.