This thesis is about traffic marginalization of the Pelješac peninsula in Croatia. Although it is a peninsula, due to its unfavorable traffic position and underdeveloped transport system and infrastructure, it often has island features and functionality. The aim of this thesis is to present the everyday and business difficulties and limitations to which residents and businesses on Pelješac are exposed. For the purposes of writing this paper, a primary research was conducted whose participants were residents of Pelješac (and persons closely related to or encountered the traffic system of Pelješac). The results obtained by the primary research to a greater or lesser extent confirm the stated characteristics and difficulties of the Pelješac traffic situation. In addition to the mentioned problems and difficulties, the paper also states the future expectations and attitudes of the inhabitants as well as the expected development that will be encouraged by the construction of the Pelješac Bridge. The new infrastructure ventures will directly affect the transport accessibility and connectivity of Pelješac: everyday life, travel and transport will be facilitated, and thus the quality of life will be higher. These facts are supported by the results of the research in which the participants, in addition to traffic and economic development, expect positive changes in the demographic structure and social characteristics of life on the peninsula.