The main objective of this specialist postgraduate thesis is to explain the concept, role and importance of agriculture in the economy, as well as to present and systematize the legislative and accounting framework for monitoring of agricultural activities. The paper presents the specifics of accounting for the production of the grapes and agricultural production in various organizational forms throughout the presentation of the production in a limited liability company as well as in a family farm format. The purpose and professional contribution of this specialist postgraduate thesis is reflected in the systematic presentation of accounting rules and standards used for accounting monitoring of agricultural production, with the application of tax regulations relevant to the taxation of mentioned agricultural activity. The added value is contained in the fact that this paper can fill the gap in the relevant scientific and professional literature where there is an obvious lack of a comprehensive analytical accounting approaches to agricultural production and grape production as a branch of the same. The basis for the preparation of this specialist postgraduate thesis is secondary data, which are processed by inductive and deductive scientific research methods. In addition to the above methods, the method of analysis, synthesis, classification and comparison, as well as the case study method were used. The case study method was applied to the accounting monitoring of grape production in the case of the organizational form of a limited liability company and a family farm. The complexity of the production process throughout the presented accounting procedures shows that, for the accounting recording of grape production it is necessary to apply double-entry bookkeeping. Such an approach provides information on the state of assets, liabilities and equity, which is also the most accurate representation of business success (realized profit) or failure (realized loss). Based on the obtained data, possible risks in the future can be identified, assessed, understood and mitigated on time.