Crafts, as the simplest form of organizing business activities, along with limited liability companies and joint-stock companies, belong to the group of small and medium-sized enterprises that make up a significant segment of the Croatian economy. The aim of the thesis is to present the specifics of keeping business ledgers of craftsmen operating in the income tax system. Craftsmen operating in the income tax system are characterized by simple bookkeeping and cash principle accounting. Unlike companies that keep the main (general ledger and journal) and subsidiary ledgers (book of outgoing invoices, book of incoming invoices, cash ledger, and others), craftsmen operating in the income tax system keep: cash inflows and outflows ledger, turnover ledger, fixed assets register, and records of receivables and payables. However, if the craftsman is operating in the value-added tax system, then he must also keep records of incoming and outgoing invoices. Craftsmen's business ledgers are simpler and more concise than company ledgers. The craftsman works in his own name and on his own account. As a rule, he is responsible for his obligations with all his property. For the needs of this thesis, a related craft was chosen, a carpentry craft whose business books are the subject of analysis.