The population of the European Union is shrinking and getting older, which brings significant economic and fiscal challenges, both short and long-term. An additional problem is the very low fertility rate, which is below the substitute level of fertility in all European countries. In order to respond effectively to demographic changes and mitigate the consequences of these changes, Member States of the European Union are trying to implement a complex combination of measures and effectively implement it. Family policies are one of the main instruments for countries to encourage demographic revitalisation, while aiming to increase fertility rates. Family policies can contribute to the realisation of different objectives such as combating child poverty, and facilitating women's participation in the labour market due to their increased participation in the labour market. There are various fiscal instruments for implementing family policy measures, which are divided into cash benefits and in-kind benefits. Some of these measures are: parental leave and benefit, child benefit, early childhood care and education via kindergartens. Countries additionally provide benefits for the most vulnerable groups of families such as allowance for single parents, special allowance for children with disabilities and large family allowance, for families most often defined as families with at least three children. Child benefit is one of the most important measures of family policy, it is a fee in the form of cash transfers, to families with children. They were introduced with the purpose of helping parents to compensate for the additional economic cost of the child. Child benefit systems vary between European Union countries by many parameters. The amounts of basic child benefit may vary according to the income of the family, the number and age of the children. According to their needs and capabilities, countries organize payment systems, with or without restrictions. Half of the countries have a universal child benefit system, where benefits are paid equally to all children, regardless of household income. In countries where the child benefit system is means-tested, benefits receive only children whose family income is within certain limits. When it comes to variations in child benefit with the number of children, the payment mainly starts with the first child and increases with an increase in the number of children in the family, also available supplements for large families in some countries. In countries where child benefit depends on the age of the child, the amounts mostly increase with the age of the child, with the assumed higher costs of older children. When child benefit is placed in the context of state and family budgets in a particular country, for the purpose of checking the generousness of these aid, the Member States of the European Union show different results, which, in the later comparison with the fertility rate, do not lead to a single conclusion on the impact of child benefit on fertility rates.