Retail is the purchase of goods for resale to consumers for their personal use or for household use. Due to their great adaptability and ability to respond promptly to changes in economic conditions, such activities are an important segment of the economy. In trading companies, assets are stocks of goods and appear in the structure of the balance sheet. All costs incurred in connection with the purchase of goods constitute the cost of acquisition and are included in the cost of inventories. Assets include economic resources that the company uses in performing its registered activity. Forms of property that have a physical form are called tangible assets, while intangible assets refer to various legal and contractual rights. The invoice must, as a document, contain all the elements prescribed by the Value Added Tax Act. Before the goods are put up for sale, the seller has the obligation to draw up a document of indebtedness of goods on the basis of which the data are then entered in the retail records. Procurement is a significant strategic factor when it comes to the profitability of an organization and increasing its shareholder value, and procurement management is important to ensure strategic advantage and potential for adding value. Costs affect the business performance of an entity, and keeping accounting records of sales of merchandise is carried out in such a way that when selling goods to the customer is delivered on the basis of the delivery note, which is the basis for issuing invoices. In the thesis, the accounting records of the purchase and sale of merchandise are presented on a practical example.