From the earliest age, the child usually spends most of the time with its mother, and it is precisely the quality of the interaction between the mother and the child that affects the quality of the child's further development in all aspects. For this reason, it is important to know the factors that influence these interactions, such as the mother's personality traits and the presence of a child's neurodevelopmental disorder. Two groups of mothers with their children participated in this research, mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this research was to examine the connection between the mother's personality traits and the mother's interruption of conversational exchanges, as well as to determine the difference in the amount of conversational changes, in 20 pairs of mothers and typically developing children and 20 mothers and children with ASD. The mothers' personality traits are shown through the Five-Factor Personality Model, and were obtained by the mother's filling in the IPIP-NEO-120 questionnaire. Conversational exchanges were analyzed through the transcripts of the conducted and videotaped Children's Game Protocol. Conversational exchange was defined as an accomplished one if the interlocutur responded verbally within a time span of 3 seconds, while an interruption of a conversational exchange was defined as absence of response or response after the 3-second range. It was found that mothers of typically developing children with higher values in the domains of Neuroticism and Openness to experiences are more responsive in interactions with their children, in the form of less frequent interruptions of conversational exchanges, while no statistically significant connection was found in the other three domains. In the group of mothers of children with ASD, no connection between any domain and interruption of conversational exchanges was established. Also, the results indicate insignificant differences in the number of achieved conversational exchanges in the group of typically developing children and children with ASD. However, when interpreting the obtained results, it is important to take into account the limitations of this research, such as the small number of participants and the lack of control of certain factors such as the chronological age of the mother and child. Although this research with its results, as well as the overall method of implementation, contributes to the existing knowledge in the literature, research in this specific area is specifically scarce, therefore it is recommended to conduct additional more detailed research on a larger sample and with the introduction of additional control variables. That would contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between mothers and their children, especially children with ASD, with the goal of applying that knowledge in more effective and better quality therapeutic work.