The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively present the concept of parenting and to gain insight into how this concept affects the development of behavioral problems in children and young people. Also, this thesis tries to provide a comprehensive presentation of effective preventive and treatment efforts aimed at reducing behavioral problems in children and young people by strengthening parental competences for fulfilling the parental role. In order to achieve the goal, the concept of parenthood (and behavioral problems) and what dimensions/characteristics make up parenthood (according to the prevailing models from the literature and according to other, for this thesis, important and relevant dimensions/characteristics) will be defined in this thesis. For each of the dimensions/characteristics, the results of relevant research on their impact on behavioral problems in children and young people will be presented. There will also be an effort to comprehensively show what competencies parents should possess in order to reduce the risk of their own actions leading to the development of behavioral problems in their children. In addition to the above mentioned, the characteristics of effective preventive and treatment programs intended for parents of children and young people with behavioral problems will be defined, and some of the programs from Blueprints database will be presented. For each of the presented programs, the results of relevant research on the impact of these programs on the behavioral problems in children and young people will be presented.