The purpose of the thesis is to summarize and present a review of literature and findings from the field of situational prevention and the possibilities of its implementation in the prison environment. The reason this particular theme was chosen is its relevance for the penal system, which aims to offer human treatment to the prisoners with respect to their dignity. Such treatment is ensured by adjusting and optimizing the conditions inside prisons and jails with respect to the concepts of situational prevention. To provide a better understanding of the concept of situational prevention, the first part of the paper gives an overview of literature concerning situational prevention and its theoretical framework (rational choice theory, environmental criminology, environmental psychology, behaviorism, social learning theory and social influences theory, frustration theory of aggression). The second part of the paper consists of findings about the prison environment, including its effect on the wellbeing and behavior of prisoners and staff alike. Ultimately, the two concepts are merged and a brief overview of possibilities for the implementation of situational prevention in correctional institutions is presented. It was discovered that the concepts and recommendations of situational prevention is widely applicable to the prison environment and it greatly affects risk factors, which enable and facilitate prisoner misconduct (e.g. overcrowding, adverse environmental factors, monotony). As proof, examples of good practice are given, to show how institutions all over the world have implemented situational prevention and other interventions aimed at making a positive impact on prisoners’ mental health and behavior. To conclude, this paper contains relevant implications for implementing situational prevention which wardens and other responsible people in the penal system might find helpful, since they can aid in the advancement of the prison environment. These implications are proven to be effective, as is shown in the paper, and can lead to improving the conditions in correctional facilities and, consequently, the entire penal system.