Aphasia is one of the most common stroke effects, occuring in 35% of people in the population. The term aphasia refers to language difficulties caused by disease or damage to the vascular system. In addition to language, aphasia is often accompanied by additional difficulties such as sensory, motor, or cognitive. Although they coexist with it, these difficulties occur independently of language difficulties. A great amount of classifications classify a group of symptoms occurring in the injury of a certain cerebral area to syndromes. One of the most famous of these classifications is the Boston aphasia classification which differentiates eight aphasia types based on speech fluency, comprehension and repetition, and is based on the Classical neurobiology language model. Although still commonly used, this classification does not conform to the redefined neuroanatomic domains as well as to new models of language neurobiology. Namely, newer authors do not question the validity of earlier perspectives, but focus on aphasia testing by examining the way the brain encodes different language components, ie moving to a linguistically specified picture of the disorder. As a result, new interpretations and aphasia classifications appear. Thus, some authors suggest the use of aphasia not only for linguistic deviations but also for deviations in the abilities needed for language production, and accordingly cites a new proposal of classification that divides aphasia into primary (central), secondary (peripheral) and aphasia of executive functions. Therefore, this study provides an overview of earlier findings as well as a review of latest Aphasiology research which will empirically establish a connection of affected neuroanatomic areas and speach and language difficulties which occur as a stroke consequence , according to the latest models of language neorobiology.